The measure of how resistant solid matter is to various kinds of permanent shape change when a force is applied. Methods include: Rockwell standard testing, Rockwell superficial testing, Knoop & Vickers microhardness testing, and Brinell hardness testing.

Tensile testing subjects a sample to uniaxial tension until it fails. Element tensile testing capabilities include: wedge tensile testing, axial tensile testing, weld tensile testing, castings tensile testing, elevated temperature tensile, tensile testing for machined specimens, full-size tensile testing and yield tensiles, plus heat treatment capabilities.

Torque is the tendency of a force to rotate an object about an axis. Element can perform torque testing on most hardware and fastener products.

Fatigue testing is performed on parts and materials to simulate the progressive and localized structural damage that occurs when a material is subjected to cyclic loading. Element's fatigue testing methods include: fracture toughness testing, a measure of the fracture resistance of a material containing a crack; rotating beam fatigue testing; strain controlled axial fatigue testing; stress controlled axial fatigue testing, and da/dN testing (crack propagation rate).

The Charpy impact test, also known as the Charpy v-notch test, is a standardized high strain-rate test which determines the amount of energy absorbed by a material during fracture. Element conducts sub-size Charpy impact testing and standard Charpy impact testing.

Bend testing determines the ductility or the strength of a material by bending the material over a given radius. Element performs bolt bend testing, weld bend testing, and raw materials bend testing.

Proof load testing is often used interchangeably with yield strength; it refers to the tension-applied load that a test sample must support without evidence of deformation. Proof load testing can be done on nuts, bolts, components, and assembled products. Methods include: tension testing, compression testing.

Shear strength measures a material's response to shear loading, a force that tends to produce a sliding failure on a material along a plane that is parallel to the direction of the force. Element performs shear testing on bolts, rivets, pins, and other products: single shear testing, double shear testing, washer testing and other testing.

Mechanical Testing Standards

American National Standards Institute Standard

ANSI B18.8.2

ASTM International

ASTM A 673, ASTM B 565, ASTM B 578, ASTM B 769, ASTM C 215, ASTM C 557, ASTM C1231 / C1231M, ASTM D 785, ASTM D1002, ASTM D2240, ASTM D3163, ASTM D3164/3164M, ASTM D3165, ASTM D3363, ASTM D3528, ASTM D4318, ASTM D5868, ASTM E 10, ASTM E 18, ASTM E 23,ASTM E 92, ASTM E 140, ASTM E 384, ASTM E 455, ASTM E 488, ASTM E 566, ASTM E 703, ASTM E1190, ASTM E1803, ASTM F 67, ASTM F 837/F837M, ASTM F 879/F879M, ASTM F 912/F912M

European EN 10045

BS EN 10045-1

Deutsches Institut Fur Normung E.V.

DIN 50141, DIN 50162

Euronorm (EN)

EN 1043-1, EN 1043-2, EN 10003-1, EN 10109-1, EN ISO 6506, EN ISO 6508

General Motors North America

GM9053P, GM9507P

International Organization for Standardization

ISO 83, ISO 148-1, ISO 3738-1, ISO 4507, ISO 4516, ISO 6507-1, ISO 6507-2, ISO 6508

Japanese Industrial Standard

JIS B1051, JIS B7722, JIS Z2242

Aerospace Industries Association/National Aerospace Standards Metric

NASM 1312- 4, NASM 1312- 6, NASM 1312-13, NASM 1312-20, NASM 1312-21, NASM 1312-28

Nederlands Normalisatie Instituut

NEN-EN 1043-2, NEN-EN-ISO 6506-1, NEN-EN-ISO 6507-1, NEN-EN-ISO 6508-1

SAE International

SAE J 417, SAE J 439A, SAE J1189

Vehicle Equipment Safety Commission

VESC-5